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51.
Svensson P Miles TS Graven-Nielsen T Arendt-Nielsen L 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2000,132(1):65-71
The interaction between muscle pain and motor function of the jaw has been examined in recent years, but the nature of the modulation of the short-latency stretch reflex by pain is not fully understood. In this study, the reflex responses to stretch were measured in single low-threshold motor units that were kept discharging at a constant frequency, before, during and after the induction of experimental pain in one masseter muscle by controlled infusion of hypertonic saline. The probability of evoking a reflex response in individual motor units in the painful muscle at near-monosynaptic latency was reduced by a mean of about 20%. However, the overall reflex response in the surface electromyogram of both the ipsi- and contralateral masseter muscles was greater during pain. This was apparently a secondary response to the pain-induced increase in pre-stimulus activity in the motoneurone pools of both muscles, because increased motoneurone excitability may facilitate stretch reflexes. It is concluded that the most likely explanation for the reduced reflex response of low-threshold masseter motor units during experimental pain is a tonic reduction in the fusimotor drive to the masseter spindles. 相似文献
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54.
Micropuncture studies on the filtration rate of single superficial and juxtamedullary glomeruli in the rat kidney 总被引:28,自引:0,他引:28
Summary Single nephron filtration rates of superficial and juxtamedullary nephrons were determined in high and low sodium rats. Single nephron GFR was calculated from TF/P inulin and tubular flow rate in superficial nephrons and single juxtamedullary GFR from corresponding data in long loops of Henle. In low sodium rats superficial nephron GFR was 23.5±6.4 (SD)×10–6 ml/min×g KW, juxtamedullary nephron GFR was 58.2±13.6 and total kidney GFR (C
In) was 0.94±0.16 ml/min×g KW. Using these single nephron values, total kidney GFR and a total number of 30,000 glomeruli per kidney, the number of superficial and juxtamedullary glomeruli was calculated to be 23,267 and 6,733, respectively. During high sodium diet superficial nephron GFR increased to 38.1±11.3 and single juxtamedullary GFR decreased to 16.5±6.6, total kidney GFR increasing to 1.01±0.24. Calculation again revealed the same distribution of the two nephron types. End-proximal TF/P inulin in superficial nephrons was 2.36±0.36 in low sodium and 2.31±0.28 in high sodium rats. Loops of Henle TF/P inulin and intratubular flow rate were inversely related: the highest TF/P inulin values and lowest intratubular flow rates were found in the descending limb. These data quantify the distribution of superficial and juxtamedullary nephrons on a functional basis and suggest a mechanism by which the kidney adjusts sodium excretion by altering the contribution of each nephron type to total kidney GFR.Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the U.S. Department of the Army, through its European Research Office. 相似文献
55.
A. S. Zagami G. A. Lambert 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》1990,81(3):552-566
Summary Extracellular recordings were made in the thalamus of cats anaesthetized with chloralose and urethane following electrical,
mechanical and chemical stimulation of the superior sagittal sinus or middle meningeal artery. Facial receptive fields were
looked for using electrical and mechanical stimuli. The locations of fifty-six cells were verified histologically. Twenty
six cells were located in the ventroposteromedial nucleus (VPM) and six in its ventral periphery (VPMvp). All units in VPM
had facial receptive fields, usually involving the first trigeminal division. Cells with nociceptive receptive fields or responding
to the craniovascular application of bradykinin were often found in the periphery or “shell” region of VPM. Other craniovascular
nociceptive cells were found in VPMvp, in the posterior group and in the intralaminar complex. This study shows that craniovascular
afferents in the cat project to several thalamic nuclei and implicate VPM especially in craniovascular nociception. 相似文献
56.
Lemmer Björn Winkler Horst Ohm Thomas Fink Markus 《Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology》1985,330(1):42-49
Summary Comparative pharmacokinetic studies with the -receptor blocking drugs propranolol, metoprolol, sotalol and atenolol, differing greatly in lipophilicity, and their main route of elimination were performed in light-dark-synchronized rats after equimolar single (6 moles/kg) or multiple (6x6 moles/kg) drug application. Drug concentrations were determined in plasma and various target organs of the drugs, e.g. heart, muscle, lung and brain, after drug application in the light period (L) and dark period (D), respectively. After single drug administration pharmacokinetic parameters of all drugs depended on the L and D conditions. Elimination half-lives in plasma and organs were shorter during D than during L. No L-D-differences were found in initial drug concentrations of the hydrophilic drugs sotalol and atenolol. In contrast, C0-values of the lipophilic propranolol in highly perfused organs (muscle, lung, brain) and of metoprolol in muscle tissue were significantly higher in D than in L. No obvious temporal dependency was found in other pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC, plasma clearance,V
d) with the exception inV
d of propranolol. Due to the different physico-chemical properties of the compounds inter-drug-differences in pharmacokinetic parameters including drug accumulation into lung and brain tissue were observed. Multiple drug dosing abolished the circadian-phase-dependency in the elimination half-lives of the drugs due to an increase in D. Only for the highly lipophilic propranolol half-lives in highly perfused organs were still shorter in D than in L. It is concluded that L-D-differences in drug half-lives after single dose application are mainly due to circadian variations in drug elimination with a higher hepatic (propranolol, metoprolol) or renal (sotalol, atenolol) elimination in the activity period of rats during D. Additional studies with propranolol on heart rate of conscious rats revealed that a maximum in -receptor blockade was achieved at 10 moles/kg in L but not in D. Thus, it is assumed that abolition of circadian-phase-dependency in half-lives after 6x6 moles/kg of the drugs may be due to the longer lasting and more pronounced -receptor blockade after multiple drug dosing over a period of several hours in D. Thereby, liver-flow-dependent elimination of propranolol and metoprolol and renal elimination of sotalol and atenolol is reduced to base-line levels found in L.Parts of this work were presented at the 22nd Spring Meeting (Lemmer 1981) and at the Joint Meeting (Lemmer et al. 1983a) of the German Pharmacological Society 相似文献
57.
目的通过总结克氏针钢丝单张力带内固定治疗四肢不稳定性骨折的手术方法与疗效,探讨四肢不稳定性骨折的有效治疗措施.方法对46例髌骨、肱骨外科颈、尺骨鹰嘴、锁骨远端骨折和肩锁关节脱位的患者采用克氏针钢丝单张力带内固定.结果46例患者关节功能完全恢复,无明显后遗症.结论应用克氏针钢丝单张力带内固定技术治疗四肢不稳定性骨折,简单易行,稳定可靠. 相似文献
58.
59.
Christof Ernst Berberich J r me Josse Fr d ric Laurent Tristan Ferry 《World journal of orthopedics》2021,12(3):119-128
In view of the demographic changes and projected increase of arthroplasty procedures worldwide, the number of prosthetic joint infection cases will naturally grow. Therefore, in order to counteract this trend more rigid rules and a stricter implementation of effective preventive strategies is of highest importance. In the absence of a "miracle weapon" priorities should lie in evidence-based measures including preoperative optimization of patients at higher infection risks, the fulfilment of strict hygiene rules in the operating theatre and an effective antibiotic prophylaxis regimen. Instead of a "one size fits all" philosophy, it has been proposed to adjust the antibiotic prophylaxis protocol to major infection risks taking into account important patient-and procedure-related risk factors. A stronger focus on the local application mode via use of high dose dual antibioticloaded bone cement in such risk situations may have its advantages and is easy to apply in the theatre. The more potent antimicrobial growth inhibition in vitro and the strong reduction of the prosthetic joint infection rate in risk for infection patients with aid of dual antibiotic-loaded bone cement in clinical studies align with this hypothesis. 相似文献
60.
Introduction and importanceThe aim of this article is to report the long-term outcome of full mouth rehabilitation with single piece, smooth surface implants following immediate loading protocol on a patient suffering with RA and severe unilateral condylar resorption.Case presentationHere, we present a challenging case of a patient suffering from Rheumatoid Arthritis who was stabilized and completed successfully with a 4 year follow-up period. Prosthetic management optimized the inter-occlusal relationship to maintain both function and esthetic integrity. Single piece implants are designed to engage and take support from the cortical bone low in metabolic activities thus promoting the force transmission through apical threads that are engaged in the cortical bone.DiscussionRheumatoid Arthritis [RA] is an auto-immune inflammatory condition in which the inflamed and hypertrophic synovial membrane grows into the articulation surfaces. The Temporomandibular Joints [TM] are frequently involved in rheumatoid arthritis. According to the literature on RA, due to frequent periodontitis, decreased salivary secretion, medication, as well as decrease in bone regenerative potential, RA is often considered as a relative contraindication in the use of implants. Atrophic jaws and cases with comorbidities like osteoporosis, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, periodontally infected cases are restored with high success by single piece smooth surface.ConclusionTo the best of our knowledge, this may be the first case of immediate functional loading by bi-cortical single piece implants. 相似文献